Vyzhnytsia

There is a lot of controversy around the name of the district center of Bukovyna. It is from here that the Carpathian Mountains begin and a fortress was built in the twelfth century under the reign of Prince Yaroslav Osmomysl. It was surrounded by towers with sentries on guard. In 1259, Mongol-Tatar troops under the leadership of Burundai came to Bukovyna and destroyed all the fortifications, including the town on Cheremosh (Vyzhnytsia). One tower survived, and it gave the settlement a new name. Legends say that Vyzhnytsia comes from: the cherry tree, of which there are many; the cart and the scale, which is associated with trade; the height, and hence Vyzhnytsia, Voznytsia, Vazhnytsia, Vezhnytsia, Vyzhniy.

In the eighteenth century, Vyzhnytsia was one of the most populated settlements in Bukovyna. Besides Ukrainians, Armenians and Jews lived here. The latter were engaged in crafts and trade, and in 1767 the Moldovan owner issued a charter for the right to a trading town. With the coming to power of the Austrian monarchy in the late eighteenth century, significant changes took place. Serfdom was replaced by serfdom, the disintegration of the rural community began, an Orthodox religious foundation was founded, timber rafting on the Cheremosh River began, alcoholic beverages were allowed to be imported, new taxes were introduced, potato planting was introduced, gardens were planted, churches and schools were built. The oppression of the local population led them to write complaints, take part in the opryshky movement led by Myron Shtoliuk (1817-1830) and the peasant uprising led by the Austrian MP Lukian Kobylka in 1848, which led to the abolition of serfdom and many lordly duties.

A great contribution to Vyzhnytsia was made by the Austrian MP Mykola Vasylko and the mayor Mark Vogel in the early twentieth century. Before the First World War, they managed to organize the construction of a power plant, a hospital, a sewerage system, a bursa for gymnasium students, a gymnasium, a school of turning, carving, and metal ornamentation (now the College of Applied Arts), a school, paved roads, and a railway station. The ethnic composition of the town in 1900 was interesting: 199 Ukrainians, 3977 Jews, and 270 Poles and Germans lived there. It is with this region that 7 years of the life of the seer, one of the founders of the religious movement of Hasidism, Ba'al Shem Tov, are associated. It was here that Besht received inspiration for great deeds that thousands of Hasidic religious communities in many countries continue today. In the village of Vyzhentsi, near Vyzhnytsia, his bathhouse has been preserved, and Jews from the United States, Austria, Hungary, Israel, Switzerland, and other countries come to the mountain river for the life-giving water. There was a school of rabbis (priests) and 11 synagogues in Vyzhnytsia. In 1902, a congress of Hasidim was held, which was attended by a large number of representatives of the Jewish nationality from many countries.

Vyzhnytsia is the birthplace of the famous Smerichka Vocal Ensemble, whose soloists Nazariy Yaremchuk and Vasyl Zinkevych performed "Chervona Ruta" for the first time. The town has a museum-estate of N. Yaremchuk.

• St. Dmitry's Church (XIX century);
• St. Nicholas Church (late XIX century);
• Peter and Paul Church (XIX century);
• synagogue (XIX century);
• Vyzhnytsia station, Austrian times;
• Vyzhnytsia Town Hall (town council building, early twentieth century);
• Moscow-Golota House (13 Myr Street).
• Monuments: Lukian Kobyltsia and a memorial plaque to Ivan Mykolaychuk (on the building of the Taras Shevchenko cinema).

• Museum-estate of Nazariy Yaremchuk at the local boarding school (Myr street);
• Museum of the poet Mykola Marfiyevych;
• Museum of the V. Shkriblyak College of Applied Arts (76 Ukrainska St.).

Vyzhnytsia (Wiznitz, Hungarian: Wiznitz, Romanian: Vijnita, English: Viznits) is a city, district center of Chernivtsi region, on the right Bukovyna bank of Cheremosh, 56 km from Chernivtsi. It is not known for certain when Vyzhnytsia was founded. According to one version, the town as a settlement on the Cheremosh was first mentioned in chronicles back in 1158. According to another, the first mention of the town is found in the Moldovan chronicle of 1501. After the conquest of the Moldavian principality by the Ottoman Porte, it was ruled by the Turks from 1514 to 1574. Then, in the Moldavian principality, which was a vassal of Turkey, until 1774, the Jewish community of Vyzhnytsia was a part of the Turkish Empire.