There is a lot of controversy around the name of the district center of Bukovyna. It is from here that the Carpathian Mountains begin and a fortress was built in the twelfth century under the reign of Prince Yaroslav Osmomysl. It was surrounded by towers with sentries on guard. In 1259, Mongol-Tatar troops under the leadership of Burundai came to Bukovyna and destroyed all the fortifications, including the town on Cheremosh (Vyzhnytsia). One tower survived, and it gave the settlement a new name. Legends say that Vyzhnytsia comes from: the cherry tree, of which there are many; the cart and the scale, which is associated with trade; the height, and hence Vyzhnytsia, Voznytsia, Vazhnytsia, Vezhnytsia, Vyzhniy.
Population (according to the last census) - 4949 people. The distance to the city of Chernivtsi is 68 km. Traditional folk crafts: wood carving, wood and metal products, embroidery, metal forging. Vyzhnytsia is the district center of Vyzhnytsia rayon, located on the border of Chernivtsi and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, on the Cheremosh and Vyzhenka rivers, within the Vyzhnytsia hollow, 70 km from the regional center. With a population of 4 thousand people (as of the beginning of 2016), despite its urban status, Vyzhnytsia is smaller than the town of Berehomet, the city of Vashkivtsi, and several villages in the Vyzhnytsia district. The Vyzhnytsia National Nature Park is located not far from the city (the administrative building is in Berehomet).
Nature protection facilities: CheremoshIchthyological Reserve (partially), Two plane trees (natural monument), Cork Tree (natural monument), Vyzhnytsia Mineral (natural monument), Vyzhnytsia Park.
In the eighteenth century, Vyzhnytsia was one of the most populated settlements in Bukovyna. Besides Ukrainians, Armenians and Jews lived here. The latter were engaged in crafts and trade, and in 1767 the Moldovan owner issued a charter for the right to a trading town. With the coming to power of the Austrian monarchy in the late eighteenth century, significant changes took place. Serfdom was replaced by serfdom, the disintegration of the rural community began, an Orthodox religious foundation was founded, timber rafting on the Cheremosh River began, alcoholic beverages were allowed to be imported, new taxes were introduced, potato planting was introduced, gardens were planted, churches and schools were built. The oppression of the local population led them to write complaints, take part in the opryshky movement led by Myron Shtoliuk (1817-1830) and the peasant uprising led by the Austrian MP Lukian Kobylka in 1848, which led to the abolition of serfdom and many lordly duties.
A great contribution to Vyzhnytsia was made by the Austrian MP Mykola Vasylko and the mayor Mark Vogel in the early twentieth century. Before the First World War, they managed to organize the construction of a power plant, a hospital, a sewerage system, a bursa for gymnasium students, a gymnasium, a school of turning, carving, and metal ornamentation (now the College of Applied Arts), a school, paved roads, and a railway station. The ethnic composition of the town in 1900 was interesting: 199 Ukrainians, 3977 Jews, and 270 Poles and Germans lived there. It is with this region that 7 years of the life of the seer, one of the founders of the religious movement of Hasidism, Ba'al Shem Tov, are associated. It was here that Besht received inspiration for great deeds that thousands of Hasidic religious communities in many countries continue today. In the village of Vyzhentsi, near Vyzhnytsia, his bathhouse has been preserved, and Jews from the United States, Austria, Hungary, Israel, Switzerland, and other countries come to the mountain river for the life-giving water. There was a school of rabbis (priests) and 11 synagogues in Vyzhnytsia. In 1902, a congress of Hasidim was held, which was attended by a large number of representatives of the Jewish nationality from many countries.
Vyzhnytsia is the birthplace of the famous Smerichka Vocal Ensemble, whose soloists Nazariy Yaremchuk and Vasyl Zinkevych performed "Chervona Ruta" for the first time. The town has a museum-estate of N. Yaremchuk.
It is not known in detail when Vyzhnytsia was founded. According to one version, the town was first mentioned in chronicles as a town on Cheremosh in 1158. According to other sources, the first mention of the town is found in the Moldovan chronicle of 1501. In 1514-1574 the town was under the rule of the Turks. Until 1774, Vyzhnytsia was a part of the Moldavian principality, and after that - of the Habsburg monarchy (since 1804 - of the Austrian Empire, since 1867 - of Austria-Hungary). Vyzhnytsia developed as a trading settlement closely connected with the mountainous and lowland regions of Bukovyna, and was famous for its good fair traditions. The settlement received the status of a fairground in 1767. At the end of the eighteenth century, with the beginning of the development of the timber industry, Vyzhnytsia became an important point of trade in wood. After the Cheremosh riverbed was regulated (1790-1812), construction timber and firewood were floated to Chernivtsi, and from there, along a dirt road through the Boyany, to Bessarabia and Podillia. Most of the townspeople were engaged in trade and crafts. The brutal exploitation and arbitrariness of officials and grandees caused mass protests and unrest among the masses. The population of the mountains rose up in the anti-feudal struggle. In 1817-1830, a detachment of opryshky led by Myron Shtoliuk operated near Vyzhnytsia. In 1848-1849 Vyzhnytsia peasants took part in the anti-feudal movement led by Lukian Kobyltsia. In 1855 Vyzhnytsia became the county center. The town was severely damaged during the First World War. The village of Rivna was incorporated into the city - now it is the western part of the city, separated by the river Vyzhenka.
Architecture
St. Dmitry's Church (XIX century);
St. Nicholas Church (late XIX century);
Peter and Paul Church (XIX century);
synagogue (XIX century);
Vyzhnytsia station, Austrian times;
Vyzhnytsia Town Hall (town council building, early twentieth century);
Moscow-Golota House (13 Myr Street).
Monuments: Lukian Kobyltsia and a memorial plaque to Ivan Mykolaychuk (on the building of the Taras Shevchenko cinema).
Museums
Museum-estate of Nazariy Yaremchuk at the local boarding school (Myr street);
Museum of the poet Mykola Marfiyevych;
Museum of the V. Shkriblyak College of Applied Arts (76 Ukrainska St.).
Vyzhnytsia (Wiznitz, Hungarian: Wiznitz, Romanian: Vijnita, English: Viznits) is a city, district center of Chernivtsi region, on the right Bukovyna bank of Cheremosh, 56 km from Chernivtsi. It is not known for certain when Vyzhnytsia was founded. According to one version, the town as a settlement on the Cheremosh was first mentioned in chronicles back in 1158. According to another, the first mention of the town is found in the Moldovan chronicle of 1501. After the conquest of the Moldavian principality by the Ottoman Porte, it was ruled by the Turks from 1514 to 1574. Then, in the Moldavian principality, which was a vassal of Turkey, until 1774, the Jewish community of Vyzhnytsia was a part of the Turkish Empire.
The Jewish community of Vyzhnytsia has been known since the seventeenth century. In 1767, Vyzhnytsia received the privilege of holding fairs and the Magdeburg Law. In 1774, along with the whole of Bukovyna, the town became part of the Austrian Empire. At that time, 56 Jewish families (191 people) lived in Vyzhnytsia, and in 1776 there were already 108 families (208 people). In 1855 Vyzhnytsia became the center of the county and a typical shtetl. In 1880, 3,795 Jews out of 4,165 inhabitants (91.9%) lived there. In 1918, Romanian troops occupied Vyzhnytsia, and in 1940, before the Soviet occupation, there were 5,000 Jews in the town.
In 1768 there was a kadisha hebra in Vyzhnytsia. In 1777 a synagogue was built in Vyzhnytsia, and in 1789 the Great Bozhnitsa, the main synagogue of the Vyzhnytsia Hasidic dynasty, was built, where mostly respected merchants prayed. Later, other synagogues were built: "Rabbi Leibele for the Hasidim of Sadhorod, Itzig Fraenkl for timber traders, Vordere Beth Midrash for cart drivers and ordinary people, Verkhniy Bet Midrash, Hevra Tehelim, and Nova Vyzhnytsia. The Jewish cemetery in the village of Chernohuzy near Vyzhnytsia has been preserved.
It is known that Rabbi Yisrael ben Eliezer Baal Shem Tov Besht (1698-1760), the founder of Hasidism, spent seven years of his life near Vyzhnytsia in the early eighteenth century, where he founded a mikveh.
In 1888 there were 8 synagogues in Vyzhnytsia. Among the Jews of Vyzhnytsia there were Sadigur and Boyansky Hasidim. In the middle of the nineteenth century the Jewish population of Vyzhnytsia increased sharply due to immigrants from Russia and Moldova, attracted by the move to Vyzhnytsia in 1854 of Menachem-Mendl Hager (1830-1885), who founded the dynasty of Vyzhnytsia tzaddikim.
Until 1918 almost all of Vyzhnytsia's public officials were Jews, including the mayor and members of the local government; until 1938 the mayor of Vyzhnytsia was also a Jew. In 1918 a yeshiva was founded in Vyzhnytsia.
On July 5, 1941, Romanian troops entered the town, pogromizing and shooting 20 Jews. In August 1941, 2800 Jews were sent to death camps.
In the 1990s, 3 Jewish families lived in Vyzhnytsia.
The Hasidic dynasty was founded by Menachem Mendel ben Chaim Hager (1830-1884), who led the community in Vyzhnytsia from 1854. He gained fame among the Hasidim as a miracle worker. His eldest son Baruch (died in 1893) was the tzaddik in the same town for eight years. Seven of Baruch's nine sons and three sons-in-law were Hasidic rabbis in different communities.
In Vyzhnytsia he was succeeded by his son Yisrael (died in 1938), who was very popular and had thousands of followers. In 1915 he moved to Hungary, and in 1922 his son Eliezer (1891-1946, Jerusalem) took his place.
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